1. Workbench
The vertical machining center workbench is generally a T-slot worktable with a cross slide table structure, with two sets of motion mechanisms responsible for moving the workbench perpendicular to each other, and the X-direction feeding workbench is covered with the guide rail responsible for Y-direction feeding.
The workbench of the horizontal machining center only does X or Y movement, and the worktable form is generally a rotary worktable with a lattice screw hole table, and it is relatively easy to choose an exchangeable double worktable.
2. Spindle
Vertical machining center refers to a machining center with a vertical spindle, and horizontal machining center refers to a machining center with a horizontal spindle.
3. Processing object
The vertical machining center is limited by the height of the column and the tool change device, can not process too high parts, suitable for processing discs, sets, plate parts, the volume of the processed workpiece is relatively small, if you want to realize the side processing of the workpiece, you must install an angle head or a CNC turntable. For example, a rotary table rotating along the horizontal axis is installed on the workbench, which can be used to process spiral parts.
The horizontal machining center can complete the processing of the remaining four surfaces except the mounting surface and the top surface after a clamping, which is most suitable for processing box parts, and can realize pentahedral processing after installing the angle head.
4. Column
The columns of vertical machining centers are generally not moved, and they are generally made as thick as possible in order to achieve rigidity. There is also a moving column vertical machining center, the moving column vertical machining center workbench only does X or Y direction movement, and the column will correspondingly do Y or X direction movement, and this design mode has a larger power requirement for the drive motor of the column.
The column of the horizontal machining center must be of the moving column type, the horizontal machining center column of the positive T type moves along the X direction, and the horizontal machining center column of the inverted T type moves along the Z direction. The structure of the mobile column requires that the column must be as light as possible under the premise of meeting the rigidity, and foreign machine tools often use steel plate welded structure to solve this problem.
5. Chip removal
When the vertical machining center processes the cavity or concave profile, the chips are not easy to discharge, and in serious cases, the tool will be damaged, the machined surface will be damaged, and the smooth progress of processing will be affected.
The horizontal machining center is easy to remove chips during machining, and the machining condition is relatively ideal.
6. Handling
The vertical machining center is easy to clamp, easy to operate, easy to observe the processing situation, and easy to debug the program.
The workpiece processed by the horizontal machining center is generally relatively large, the clamping is difficult, it is not easy to monitor the machining process, and the operation and debugging are relatively difficult.